Objective: The present research was aimed to investigate the effect of choice theory training on cognitive flexibility and self-criticism in mothers of children with hearing impairment.

Methods: This study was carried out using an experimental method and a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included mothers of children with hearing impairment in Isfahan city. The research sample size was 30 people, who were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group of 15 people. Intervention was implemented for the experimental group during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, but no training was provided to the control group. In this research, the Dennis & Vander Wal Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (2010) and Thompson & Zuroff Self-Criticism Scale (2004) was used. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance.

Results: The findings showed that choice theory training had a positive and significant effect on cognitive flexibility and self-criticism in mothers of children with hearing impairment in the experimental group and the effect size of each was 82 and 78% respectively.

Conclusions: Based on the results, teaching choice theory leads to improved cognitive flexibility and self-criticism of individuals by satisfying needs such as survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun.