Adavi, H., Ghadampour,
E. & Abasi, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Teaching Phono-graphix Method on the Level of Phonological Awareness and Attitude Reading of Students with Reading Difficulties.
Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ),
10(11), 269-278. dor:
20.1001.1.2383353.1400.10.11.23.3. [In Persian]
Agha babaei, S. & Amiri, S. (2015). Visual-spatial component of working memory and short-term memory in students with learning disorders and comparison with normal students. Journal title, 2(4), 1-9. dor: 20.1001.1.23455780.1393.2.4.1.0. [In Persian]
Alidoosti, F., Zafar Talai Khales, N. & Shojaeifar, Sh. (2020). Improving Executive Functions and Reading Performance of Dyslexic Children in the context of Computerassisted Cognitive Assignments. Journal Exceptional children, 20(4), 51-66. dor: 20.1001.1.16826612.1399.20.4.8.5 [In Persian]
Asadzadeh, H. (2008). Investigating the relationship between working memory capacity and academic performance among third grade middle school students in Tehran. Quarterly Journal of Education, 25(1), 53-69. [In Persian]
Bayrami, M., Hashemi, T., Esmailpour, Kh., Nemati, F. & & Khosh Iqbal, M. (2022). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation Focused on Working Memory in Improving Symptoms of Reading Disorder in Primary School Students. Biquarterly Journal of Cognitive Strategies in Learning, 9(17), 1-16. doi: 10.22084/J.PSYCHOGY.2020.20065.2033. [In Persian]
Baddeley, A. (2010). Working memory. Current Biology, 20(4), 136-141.
Brandenburg, Y., Klesczewski, Y., Psych, D., Fischbach, A., Schuchardt, K., Büttner, G. & Hasselhorn, M. (2015). Working Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities in Reading Versus Spelling: Searching for Overlapping and Specific Cognitive Factors. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 48(6), 1-13. doi:10.1177/0022219414521665.
Corsi, P.M. (1973). Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain [PhD Dissertation]. [Montréal, Canada]: McGill University, 69-78.
Chapparo, C. (2010). Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP): Occupationcentred Task Analysis and Intervention System. Occupation-centred practice with children: A practical guide for occupational therapists, 183-202.
Daneman, M. & Carpenter, P.A. (1980). Individual difference in working memory reading.
Journal of verbal learning and verbal behavior,
19(4), 450-466. doi:
10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6
Dehn, M. J. (2008). Working Memory and academic learning: Assessment and intervention. Wiley & Sons, Inc. New Jersey.
Dehghani, V. & Moradi, N. (2020). The Effectiveness of Working Memory Training on Planning and Cognitive Flexibility of Students with Specific Learning Disability (Dyslexia).
Neuropsychology,
6(1), 101-120. doi:
10.30473/clpsy.2020.51743.1523. [In Persian]
Enayatzadeh Shahroudi, S., Hasanzadeh, R. & Emadian, S.O. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation Training and Vestibular Stimulation on Academic Achievement of Female Students with Specific Learning Disorder.
Community Health journal, 14(2), 78-88. doi:
10.22123/chj.2020.237978.1532. [In Persian]
Farghaly, W. MA., Ahmed, M. A., El-Tallawy, H. N., Elmestikawy, T. AH., Badry, R., Farghaly, M. Sh., … & Mohammed, A.T. (2018). Construction of an Arabic computerized battery for cognitive rehabilitation of children with specific learning disabilities. Neuropsychiatric Disease and treatment, 14, 2123-2131. doi:10.2147/NDT.S155987
Fischer, M. H. (2001). Probing spatial working memory with the Corsi Blocks Task. Brain & Cognition, 45(2), 143-15. doi: 10.1006/brcy.2000.1221.
Hancock, R., Pugh, K. R. & Hoeft, F. (2017). Neural Noise Hypothesis of Developmental Dyslexia. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(6), 434-448. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.008
Hager, H., & hasselhorn, M. (1998). The effectiveness of the cognitive training for children from a differential perspective: a meta evaluation. Learning and instruction, 8(5), 411-38.
Halgin, RP. & Whitbourne, SK. (2014). Abnormal Psychology Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders. (7trd Ed). Tehran: Publication Ravan. [In Persian]
Kessels, R.P., Van Zandvoort, M.J., Postma, A., Kappelle, L.J. & De Haan, E.H. (2000). The Corsi block-tapping task: Standardization and normative data. Appl Neuropsychol, 7(4), 252-258. doi:10.1207/s15324826AN0704-8.
Kavyani, M., Abdoli, B. & Ebrahimi, R. (2020). The Effect of Cognitive Empowerment on Working Memory and Observational Learning of a Motor Skill in Children.
Journal of Faculty of Physical Education, 12(2), 219-236. doi:
10.22059/jmlm.2020.298811.1493. [In Persian]
Li, P.W.C., Yu, D.S.F & Wong, C.W.Y. (2021). An empowerment-based cognitive behavioural therapy for persons with mild cognitive impairment and insomnia: Protocol for a mixed-method pilot study. Journal Adv Nurs, 77(4), 2054-2063. doi:10.1111/jan.14740
Mascheretti, S., Andreola, Ch., Scaini, S. & Sulpizio, S. (2018). Beyond genes: A systematic review of environmental risk factors in specific reading disorder. Research in developmental disabilities, 82, 147-152. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2018.03.005.
Manani, R., Abedi, A., Dortaj, F. & Frokhi, N. (2019). Mathematical Talent Identification Model based on Multiple Criteria Approach in gifted and talented students. Empowering Exceptional Children, 10(1), 45-67. doi:10.22034/ceciranj.2019.91929. [In Persian]
Mosavati Azar, P., Kiamanesh, AR. & Ahadi, H. (2017). Predicting Reading Performance Based on Short Term Storage and Central Executive of Working Memory in 8-11 Years Old Children. Journa of Instruction and Evaluation, 10(37), 107-124. [In Persian]
Meijer, K.A., Geest, Q.V., Eijlers, A.J.C., Geurts, J.J.G., Schooheim, M.M. & Hulst, H.E. (2018). Impaired information processing Speed a matter of structural or functional damage in Ms?
Neuroimage: clinical, 20, 844-850. doi:
10.1016/j.nicl.2018.09.021
Nurul Anis, M.Y., Normah, C.D., Mahadir, A., Norhayati, I., Rogayah, A.R. & Dzalani, H. (2018). Interventions for children with dyslexia: A review -on current intervention methods. Med Journal Malaysia, 73(5), 311-320.
Norouzbakhsh Haji Kandi, R., Hashemi, T. & Rezaei, A. (2021). Investigation of the Effectivenessof Cognitive Rehabilitation on Working Memory Capacity of Third Grade Students with Special 1Learning Disabilities (Reading) with a Gender Mediating Role.
Journal of Instructio and Evaluation, 14(53), 111-132. doi:
10.30495/jinev.2021.683370. [In Persian]
Nazari, S., Hassanzadeh, S., & Sayahi, H. (2018). Effectiveness of Spatial Dots Training Program on Spatial Relationship Perception in Children with Learning Disability: A Single-Subject Study. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 7(3), 105-112. doi:10.22037/jrm.2017.110845.1569. [In Persian]
Nowicki, E.A., Brown, J.D. & Dare, L. (2018). Educator´s evaluation of children´s ideas on the social exclusion of classmates with intellectual and learning disabilities. Journal Appl Res Intellect Disabill, 31(1), 154-163. doi: 10.1111/jar.12356.
Olivers, C. N. L., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2020). Attention for action in visual working memory.
Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 131, 179–194.
doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.07.011
Petretto, D.R. & Masala, C. (2017). Dyslexia and specific learning disorders. New International Diagnostic criteria, 3(4), 1-5. doi:10.4172/2472-1786.100056
Pakdaman Savoji, A. (2000). The effect of teaching metacognitive strategies on reading comprehension of students with reading comprehension problems (Master's thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences), University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Riding, R.J., Asadzadeh Dahraei, H., Grimley, M. & Banner, G. (2001). Working Memory, Style and Academic Attainment, in R. Nata (Ed.). Progress in Education, 5, New York, Nava Science Publishers, Inc.
Rahmani, J. (2008). Reliability, validity and standardization of Rayon's Progressive Matrices test in students of Azad University, Khorasgan branch. Knowledge & Research in Psychology, 10(34), 61-74. JR_KRAP-10-34_004. [In Persian]
Shin, J., Dronjic, V. & Park, B. (2018). The background knowledge in L2 reading comprehension.
Tesol Quarterly, 53(2), 320-347. doi:
10.1002/tesq.482
Sleimana, L.A. & Keechianb, A.K. (2020). A pilot visual-spatial working memory protocol in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of cognitive neuropsychology, 4(2), 1-14.
Sattler, J.M. (1988). Assessment of children (3rd ed.) (pp.276-277). Psychology in the Schools. San Diego: Jerome M. Sattler, Publisher.
Shaw, D.R. (2016). A systematic review of pediatric cognitive rehabilitation in the elementary and middle school systems. Neuro rehabilitation, 39(1), 119-123. doi:10.3233/NRE-161343
Tabrizi, M., Tabrizi, A. & Tabrizi, N. (2014). Treatment of dictation disorders. Tehran: Paravan. [In Persian]
Tabrizi, M., Tabrizi, A. & Tabrizi, N. (2015). Treatment of reading disorders. Tehran: Pararavan. [In Persian]
Vojoudi, Kh., Akhavantafti, M. & Khademiashkzari, M. (2017). The effectiveness of educational package based on visual-spatial processing in reading performance of dyslexia students.
Avicenna Journal neuro psycho psychology, 4(3), 79-86. doi:
10.32598/ajnpp.4.3.79.[In Persian]
Visser, L., Kalmar, J., Linkersdörfer, G., Görgen, R., Rothe, J., Hasselhorn, M. & Schulte-körne, G. (2020). Comorbidities between specific learning disorder and psychopathology in elementary school children in Germany’. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11(292), 1-12. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00292.
Vandierendonck, A., Kemps, E., Fastame, MC. & Szmalec, A. (2004). Working memory components of the Corsi blocks task. Br Journal Psychol, 95(1), 57-79. doi:10.1348/000712604322779460.
Yousefzadeh, M. R., & Kazempour, S. (2020). The assesment of junior high school girl student spatial intelligrnce in Hamedan city.
Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 17(39), 122-103. doi:
10.22111/jeps.2020.5697. [In Persian]
Zare, H., Cherami, F. & Sharifi, A. A. (2019). Effectiveness of Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation on Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility Among Children with Learning Disorder (LD). Biquarterly Journal of Cognitive Strategies in Learning, 8(15), 1-18. doi:10.22084/j.psychogy.2020.20055.2030. [In Persian]