بررسی تأثیر راهبرد یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه‌ی الکترونیکی بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی در درس علوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

10.22084/j.psychogy.2025.30162.2750

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر راهبرد یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه‌ی الکترونیکی بر کارکردهای اجرایی (انعطاف‌‌پذیری شناختی و برنامه‌ریزی) دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی در درس علوم است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را دانش‌آموزان پایه‌ی پنجم ابتدایی شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی 1403-1402 تشکیل داده­است.
روش: روش مورد استفاده نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌‌آزمون- پس‌‌آزمون با گروه کنترل است. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌‌گیری در دسترس 36 دانش‌‌آموز انتخاب شدند که به صورت غیرتصادفی 18 دانش‌‌آموز در گروه آزمایش و 18 دانش‌‌آموز در گروه کنترل قرار گرفتند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌‌ها برای سنجش دو مؤلفه انعطاف‌‌پذیری شناختی و برنامه‌ریزی برای کارکردهای اجرایی، نسخه‌ی نرم‌افزاری برج هانوی بوده است. گروه آزمایش 9 جلسه‌‌ی آموزشی را به صورت پروژه‌‌محور در بستر الکترونیکی گذرانده‌‌اند که یکی از جلسات، جهت آموزش نحوه‌‌ی کار با فضای آموزشی و چگونگی ارسال فعالیت­ها در بستر الکترونیکی اختصاص داده­شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل کوواریانس نشان‌دهنده تأثیر مثبت انجام پروژه درس علوم در بستر الکترونیکی بر بهبود انعطاف‌‌پذیری شناختی (05/0P< و 16/9 F=) و برنامه ریزی (05/0P< و 18F= ) دانش‌آموزان پایه پنجم ابتدایی در درس علوم بوده است. در کل می‌توان گفت که استفاده صحیح از فناوری‌های جدید می‌تواند به‌طور چشم‌گیری بر موفقیت دانش‌آموزان تأثیر بگذارد؛ در این راستا نیز، بهره‌گیری از راهبرد یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه الکترونیکی منجر به بهبود انعطاف‌‌پذیری شناختی و برنامه‌ریزی در دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدایی می‌‌شود.
نتیجه‌گیری: در نهایت، پیشنهاد می‌شود که جهت بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی در مؤلفه‌های انعطاف‌‌پذیری شناختی و برنامه‌ریزی در درس علوم دوره ابتدایی، از راهبرد یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه الکترونیکی بهره گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effect of Electronic Project-based Learning Strategy on Elementary Students' Executive Functions in Science Lessons

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Maghami 1
  • Fatemeh Hemmati 2
1 1. Corresponding author, Associate Professor, Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran
2 Master's student in Educational Technology, Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of electronic project-based learning strategy on executive functions (cognitive flexibility and planning) of primary school students in science lessons. The statistical population of this study consisted of fifth grade primary school students in Tehran in the academic year 1402-03.
Methods: The method used was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. Using the convenience sampling method, 36 students were selected, of which 18 students were non-randomly placed in the experimental group and 18 students in the control group. The data collection tool for measuring the two components of cognitive flexibility and planning for executive functions was the Tower of Hanoi software version. The experimental group completed 9 project-based training sessions in an electronic environment, one of which was dedicated to teaching how to work with the educational space and how to send activities in an electronic environment.
Results: The findings from the analysis of covariance indicate a positive effect of conducting science projects in an electronic context on improving cognitive flexibility (P<0.05 and F=16.9) and planning (P<0.05 and F=18) of fifth grade primary school students in science lessons. In general, it can be said that the correct use of new technologies can significantly affect student success; in this regard, using an electronic project-based learning strategy leads to improving cognitive flexibility and planning in primary school students.
Conclusions: Finally, it is suggested that an electronic project-based learning strategy be used to improve executive functions in the components of cognitive flexibility and planning in primary school science lessons.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electronic Project-Based Learning (E-PjBL)
  • Executive Functions
  • Planning

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