نیمرخ دانش‌آموزان مهاجر افغانستانی در مهارت‌های اساسی پیش‌نیاز یادگیری: عصب‌روانشناختی و تحصیلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی و آموزش کودکان با نیازهای خاص، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی و آموزش کودکان با نیازهای خاص، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه روانشناسی کودکان با نیازهای خاص، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

هدف: مهارت­‌های عصب‌روان‌شناختی پایه‌ی یادگیری تحصیلی محسوب می‌شوند و دربرگیرنده مهارت‌هایی از قبیل توجه، سازمان‌دهی، مهارت‌های حرکتی، ادراک فضایی، زبان و سایر توانش‌هایی که دانش­‌آموزان برای یادگیری محتوای دروس به آنها نیاز دارند. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی و ترسیم نیمرخ عملکردی دانش‌آموزان مهاجر افغانستانی در مهارت‌های اساسی پیش‌نیاز یادگیری با تأکید بر مهارت‌های عصب‌روانشناختی و تحصیلی انجام گرفت.
روش: روش پژوهش توصیفی بود. به این منظور از بین دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدایی مدارس خودگردان مهاجر افغانستانی شهر اصفهان در سال تحصیلی 1402-1401 به روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای 3 مدرسه انتخاب و تعداد 151 نفر از دانش‌آموزان (دختر 86 نفر و پسر 65 نفر) در پژوهش شرکت داده شدند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از چک‌لیست تشخیصی پیش‌نیازهای اساسی یادگیری دانش‌آموزان ایرانی استفاده شد. با مراجعه حضوری چک‌لیست تشخیصی پیش‌نیازهای اساسی یادگیری به روش مصاحبه‌ی بالینی با معلمان و دانش‌آموزان تکمیل شد و داده‌های آماری در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: یافته­‌ها نشان داد که دانش‌آموزان پایه اول در ادراک فضایی و زبانی، و در پایه دوم در مهارت‌های اجتماعی هیجانی و ریاضیات و در پایه سوم در نوشتن و در پایه چهارم در خواندن و ریاضیات و در پایه پنجم در ریاضی و در پایه ششم در ادراک فضایی بیشتر دچار اختلال هستند و تفاوت معناداری بین عملکرد دختران و پسران و نیز بین عملکرد دانش‌آموزان در پایه‌های مختلف تحصیلی وجود دارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بنابراین می‌توان گفت که دانش‌آموران مهاجر افغانستانی در مهارت‌های اساسی پیش‌نیاز یادگیری با تأکید بر مهارت‌های عصب‌روانشناختی و تحصیلی مشکلاتی دارند که می‌تواند بر عملکرد آنان در طول دوران تحصیل تأثیر داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Profile of Afghan Immigrant Students in Pre-Requisite Basic Learning Skills: Neuropsychological and Academic skills

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdulqahir Hamed 1
  • Salar Faramarzi 2
  • Ahmad Abedi 3
1 Ph.D. student in Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Iran
2 Professor in Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Children with Special Needs, Department of Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: Neuropsychological skills are the basis of academic learning and include skills such as attention, organize, motor skills, spatial perception, language and other abilities that students need to learn the content of courses. This study is aimed to examine the performance of Afghan immigrant students in pre-requisite basic learning skills with an emphasis on neuropsychological and academic skills.
Methods: The research method was descriptive. For this purpose, elementary school students of Afghan private schools in Isfahan in the year 2023 were included in the study using a Convenience sampling, and 151 students (girls and boys) participated in the research. A checklist of the pre-requisite basic learning skills of Iranian students was used to collect data. The checklist was completed through clinical interviews with teachers and students, and the statistical data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially.
Results: The findings indicated that first-grade students were more deficient in spatial and linguistic perception, second-grade students in emotional and mathematical skills, third-grade students in writing, fourth-grade students in reading and mathematics, fifth-grade students in mathematics, and sixth-grade students in spatial perception. There was a significant difference between the performance of girls and boys and also between the performance of students in different academic grades.
Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that Afghan immigrant students have difficulties in pre-requisite basic learning skills with an emphasis on neuro-psychological and academic skills, which may affect their performance during their academic period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Immigrant students
  • Pre-requisite learning
  • Neuro-psychological
  • Academic Skills
  • Afghan Students

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