مؤلفه‌های زبان و نظریة ذهن: پیشنهاد یک مدل مفهومی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم شناختی-زبان‌شناسی شناختی، گروه زبان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زبان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استاد عصب‌روان‌شناسی، گروه علوم پایه توانبخشی، دانشکده علوم توانبخشی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف مطالعة حاضر، کسب یک درک منسجم از اهمیت زبان، شناسایی و دسته­بندی مؤلفه‌های آن در اکتساب توانایی نظریة ذهن کودکان و همچنین ارائة یک مدل مفهومی در این رابطه بود.
روش: نوع پژوهش توصیفی، شیوة انجام آن کیفی و مبتنی بر تحقیق استنادی کتابخانه­ایی بود که با استفاده از روش­های مرور سیستماتیک و فرامطالعه (فراترکیب) انجام شد. جامعة هدف شامل تمام پژوهش­ها و مطالعات موجود در پایگاه­های اطلاعاتی خارجی و داخلی بود که از سال 1990 تا 2021 در زمینة رابطة زبان و نظریة ذهن، انجام شده است. با به­کارگیری روش نمونه­گیری نظری و هدفمند و انتخاب نمونه­ای از مطالعات و پژوهش­های مرتبط، داده­های مورد نیاز گردآوری شد. فرایند نمونه­گیری تا زمانی ادامه یافت که اشباع نظری حاصل گردد. نهایتاً 123 مقاله غربال شد. داده­ها به روش تحلیل محتوا مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: در مرحلة کدگذاری آزاد 143 کد مؤلفه شناسایی شد. بر اساس مفهوم کدهای شناسایی­شده و دسته­بندی آنها در یک مؤلفة مشابه، در مرحلة کدگذاری محوری، 5 مؤلفة اصلی و 2 مؤلفة فرعی به دست آمد. یافته­ها حاکی از آن بود که رابطة زبان و نظریه ذهن بر اساس 5 مؤلفة زبانی اصلی به ترتیب اولویت: کاربردشناسی، معناشناسی، نحو، واژگان و واج­شناسی و 2 مؤلفة زبانی فرعی: فرازبانی و کل، قابل تبیین نظری است.
نتیجه‌گیری: ارائة این مدل مفهومی گامی در راستای دست­یابی به تبیین جامع و جدیدی از اهمیت زبان در رشد نظریة ذهن به شمار می­رود و منجر به افزایش و به­روزرسانی دانش موجود و بهره­مندی از آن در سطوح کاربردی ازجمله در جنبه­های پژوهشی، آموزشی و بالینی خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Language Components and Theory of Mind: Proposing a Conceptual Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Roya Saeedi 1
  • Hayat Ameri 2
  • Arsalan Golfam 2
  • Hasan Ashayeri 3
1 PhD student, Cognitive Sciences-Cognitive Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Neuropsychology, Department of Basic Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to gain a coherent understanding of the importance of language, identify and categorize its components in the acquisition of children's theory of mind ability, and also to provide a conceptual model in this regard.
Methods: The type of research was descriptive, the method of conducting it was qualitative and based on library citation research that was done using systematic review and meta-study (meta-synthesis) methods. The target population included all the researches and studies available in foreign and domestic databases that were conducted from 1990 to 2021 in the field of the relationship between language and theory of mind. By applying the theoretical and targeted sampling method and selecting a sample of related studies and researches, the required data were collected. The sampling process continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. 123 articles were screened Finally. The data was analyzed by content analysis method.
Results: In the open coding stage, 143 component codes were identified. Based on the concept of the identified codes and their classification in a similar component, in the axial coding stage, 5 main components and 2 secondary components were obtained. The findings indicated that the relationship between language and theory of mind can be theoretically explained based on 5 main linguistic components in the order of priority: pragmatics, semantics, syntax, vocabulary and phonology and 2 sub-linguistic components: meta-linguistic and whole.
Conclusions: Presenting this conceptual model is a step towards achieving a comprehensive and new explanation of the importance of language in the development of the theory of mind and will lead to increasing and updating existing knowledge and benefiting from it at practical levels, including in research, educational and clinical aspects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Language
  • Language Components
  • Social Cognition
  • Theory of Mind

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راهبردهای شناختی در یادگیری
دوره 12، شماره 22 - شماره پیاپی 22
بهار و تابستان 1403
مرداد 1403
صفحه 67-85

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