The Effect of Critical Thinking Training on Decision Making Styles and Problem Solving Styles

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Abstract

Introduction: the aim of the present study reviews the effectiveness of critical thinking training on problem solving styles anddecision making styles.
Methods: statistical research community includes all undergraduate students of the Bachelor of the Payame noor University of Tehran in academic year 94-95 who were among 40 students to the methods of random sample selected using multi-stage cluster store with cloud-based research plan of the type before the test – so the test with the control group in a experiment and control groups were appointed (20 students in tests and 20 students in the control group). Interventions relating to the training of critical thinking for a 45 minute training sessions during the two-week meeting on the students Group conducted tests. Used tools, problem-solving style questionnaire Cassidy and long (1996) anddecision making styles questionnaire Scott & Bruce(1995). the data obtained by statistical analysis method of case analysis.
Findings: the results of the study showed a significant difference between the groups (MANCOVA). The test results also suggest the existence of a single the difference was significant in both variables.
result: the result of the combination of the student's abilities and critical thinking, to maximize it is to promote total decision making styles,logical decision making style and problem solving styles leads. so it can be acknowledged that with the growth and progress of critical thinking as level and capabilities from and effective problem solving, levels total decision making styles,logical decision making style students also will be upgraded. On the other hand non-constructive style avoidance and intuitive problem-solving and decision-making style of avoidance and intuitive other hand, felt.

Keywords


آهنگی، اکرم؛ عابدین، علیرضا و فتح‌آبادی، جلیل. (1388). «رابطه بین تیپ‌های شخصیتی با سبک حل مسأله در کارکنان دانشگاه». فصلنامهروانشناسیکاربردی، سال 3، شماره 4(12)، 40-61.
آقایوسفی، علیرضا و شریف، نسیم. (1390). «رابطه سبک‌های حل مسأله و بهزیستی شخصی در دانشجویان». فصلنامهاندیشهورفتار. دوره ششم، شماره 22، 79-89.
امین‌پور، حسن و زارع، حسین. (1394). کاربرد آزمون‌های روانی، تهران: دانشگاه پیام نور.
زارع، حسین و اعراب شیبانی، خدیجه. (1390). «بررسی پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه سبک‌های تصمیم‌گیری در دانشجویان ایرانی»، مجله پژوهش‌های روانشناختی، 14(2)، 112-125.
زارع، حسین و عبدالله‌زاده، حسن. (1393). کاربرد آزمون‌ها در روانشناسی شناختی، تهران: دانشگاه پیام نور
زارع، حسین و فروزنده، لطف‌الله. (1392). خلاقیت، حل مسأله و تفکر راهبردی، تهران: دانشگاه پیام نور.
کمالی­زارچ، محمود؛ زارع، حسین و علوی لنگرودی، سمیه‌السادات. (1391). «اثربخشی آموزش تفکر انتقادی بر باورهای معرفت‌شناختی دانشجویان»، دوفصلنامهشناختاجتماعی، سال اول، شماره 2، 14-31.
زارع، حسین و شیخ بهایی، پریسا. (1393). «بررسی تأثیر آموزش مهارت‌های حل مسأله بر ارتقاء و بهبود سبک‌های تصمیم‌گیری در والدین کودکان کم‌توان ذهنی». پـژوهش‌های کاربردی در روانشناسی تربیتی، سال 1، شماره 2، 1-10.
گراوند، هوشنگ؛ سبزیان، سعیده؛ کامکار، پیمان و کرمی، شجاع. (1393). «نقش کارکردهای سبک تفکر بر یادگیری خودراهبر و گرایش به تفکر انتقادی». دو فصلنامه راهبردهای شناختی در یادگیری، 2(2)، 19-30.
نیستانی، محمدرضا و امام­وردی، داوود. (1390). «بررسی نقش تفکر انتقادی در زندگی اجتماعی». فلسفه و کودک. 4، 39-50.
یارمحمدی واصل، مسیب؛ ذوقی پایدار، محمدرضا و محمدی، عباس. (1396). «تاثیر آموزش شیوه کاوشگری بر فرآیندهای شناختی تفکر انتقادی، تحلیل، استنباط، ارزشیابی، استدلال قیاسی و استقرایی». دو فصلنامه راهبردهای شناختی در یادگیری، 5(8)، 79-92.
Adair, J. E. (2007). Decision making and problem solving strategies (Vol. 9). Kogan Page Publishers.
Alcı, B., & Canca, D. (2011). “Change of students’ problem-solving appraisal in higher education according to gender”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3179-3184.
Arend, B. D. (2006). Course assessment practices and student learning strategies in online college courses (pp. 1-243). University of Denver.
Butler, H. A. (2012). “Halpern Critical Thinking Assessment Predicts Real‐World Outcomes of Critical Thinking”. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26(5), 721-729.
Cassidy, T., & Long, C. (1996). “Problem‐solving style, stress and psychological illness: Development of a multifactorial measure”. British Journal of clinical psychology, 35(2), 265-277.
Koh, G. C. H., Khoo, H. E., Wong, M. L., & Koh, D. (2008). “The effects of problem-based learning during medical school on physician competency: a systematic review”. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178(1), 34-41.
Duron, R., Limbach, B., & Waugh, W. (2006). “Critical thinking framework for any discipline”. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 17(2), 160-166.
Emir, S. (2009). “Education faculty students’ critical thinking disposition according to achedemic achievement”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 2466-2469.
Esmaeili, Z., Bagheri, M. (2015). “Evaluation of the Relationship between Critical Thinking Skills and Affective Control in Child Training Students of the Female Technical and Vocational College in the City of Broujerd”. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(16), 28-36.
Gul, R.; Cassuma, SH.; Ahmada, A.; Khana, SH.; Saeeda, T. and Parpio, Y. (2010). “Enhancement of critical thinking in curriculum design and delivery: A randomized controlled trial for educators”. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3219-3225.
Hablemitoglu, S., Yildirim, F. (2008). “The relationship between perception of risk and decision making styles of Turkish university students: A descriptive study of individual differences”. World Applied Sciences Journal, 4(2), 214-224.
Halpern, DF.; Roediger, HL. and Stermberg, RJ. (2007). Critical thinking in psychology, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Helsdingen, A. S., Van den Bosch, K., Van Gog, T., & van Merriënboer, J. J. (2010). “The effects of critical thinking instruction on training complex decision making”. Human factors, 52(4), 537-545.
Heppner, P. P.; He, Y.; Tsai, C. L. and LinY. J. (2008). “Problem-solving Appraisal”. Encyclopedia of Counseling, 787-790.
Hosseini, M. and Hosseini, SM. (2011). “Ethics of Critical thinking (Persian)”. Journal of Philosophical Investigations, Vol. 5, No. 8, 1-13.
Kashaninia, Z.; Hosseini, MA. and Yusliani, F. (2016). “The effect of teaching critical thinking skills on the decision making style of nursing managers”, Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care, Vol 1, No. 4, 197-204
Kirmizia, F .S.; Saygib, C. and Yurdakalc, I. (2015). “Determine The Relationship Between The Disposition of Critical Thinking and The Perception About Problem Solving Skills”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 657-661.
Mazloomi, SS.; Naderian, H. and Nahangi, H. (2012). “Critical thinking ability and its associated factors among preclinical students inYazd Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (Iran)”, Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Vol. 26, No. 2, 50-57.
Ozcan, G. and Celenk, S. (2007). “Problem çözme yönteminin eleştirel düşünmeye etkisi”. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimle EnstitüsüDergisi. First (14), 173-190.
Phillips Jr, W. E., & Burrell, D. N. (2009). “Decision-making skills that encompass a critical thinking orientation for law enforcement professionals”. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 11(2), 141-149.
Singh, R., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2004). “The relation between career decision-making strategies and person–job fit: A study of job changers”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 198-221.
Treffinger, D. J., Selby, E. C., & Isaksen, S. G. (2008). “Understanding individual problem-solving style: A key to learning and applying creative problem solving”. Learning and individual Differences, 18(4), 390-401.
Tümkaya, S.; Albek, B. and Aldağ, H. (2009). “Üniversite öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme eğilimleri ve problem çözme becerilerinin incelenmesi”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 36, 57-74.